USING VIRTUAL REALITY TO THE SAFETY WARNINGS DESIGN: THE EFFICIENCY THROUGH PRESENCE

Autores

  • Reginaldo Schiavini Universidade de Lisboa
  • Heli Meurer Procergs

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25112/rco.v2i0.2535

Palavras-chave:

Design, Multimodal, Presence, Virtual Reality, Warnings

Resumo

The objective of this study was to use virtual reality as a validation method of a new multimodal warning for use in situations of risk and danger. This warning is intended to be more efficient than the static warnings as regards their ability to convey clear, objective information and securely. The virtual environment used was developed with immersive virtual reality simulating a risk and danger to the user. This virtual environment allows situations are simulated in real life would be impossible for putting at risk the lives of people. For the warning efficiency were evaluated, we used two warnings, static and multimodal, which consisted of harmonization between the ISO and ANSI standards. As innovation factor used was the explanation of the consequences of non-compliance. Multimodal elements used in the notice were a file with a recorded human voice and a flashing red light. These results demonstrated that the virtual environment used, and the multimodal warning were efficient in their goals. The results of the variables used were positive and the hypotheses was validated with the use of statistical tests.

Biografia do Autor

Reginaldo Schiavini, Universidade de Lisboa

Bacharel em Desenho Industrial

Especialista em Ergonomia

Mestre em Eng. de Produção

Doutor em Design

Heli Meurer, Procergs

Bacharel em Desenho Industrial

Mestre em Eng.de Produção

Doutor em Informática

Referências

BALDWIN, C. L.; EISERT, J. L.; GARCIA, A.; LEWIS, B.; PRATT, S. M. (2012). Multimodal urgency coding: auditory, visual, and tactile parameters and their impact on perceived urgency. Work, v. 41, p. 3586-3591, 2012. Available in: <10.3233/WOR-2012-0669-3586>.

BARLOW, T.; WOGALTER, M. S. Alcoholic beverage warnings in magazine and television advertisements. The Journal of Consumer Research, v. 20, n. 1, 147-156, 1993.

BARZEGAR, R. S.; WOGALTER, M. S. Effects of auditorily-presented warning signal words on intended carefulness. In: HANSON, M. A. (Ed.). Contemporary Ergonomics. London: Taylor & Francis, 1998. p. 311–315.

BOGDANOVYCH, A.; RODRIGUEZ, J.; SIMOFF, S.; COHEN, A. Virtual agents and 3D virtual worlds for preserving and simulating cultures. In: IVA’09: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NINTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT VIRTUAL AGENTS, Berlin: Anais… Springer Berlin/Heidelberg, 2009, p. 257–71.

BRUNO, F.; MUZZUPAPPA, M. Product interface design: A participatory approach based on virtual reality. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, v. 68, n. 5, p. 254–269, 2010. Available in: <10.1016/j.ijhcs.2009.12.004>.

BURDEA, G. C.; COIFFET, P. Virtual Reality Technology (2nd ed.). New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2003.

CUBUKCU, E.; NASAR, J. L. Investigating Wayfinding Using Virtual Environments. City and Regional Planning. Ohio: Ohio State University, 2003.

CUBUKCU, E.; NASAR, J. L. Influence of physical characteristics of routes on distance cognition in virtual environments. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, v. 32, n. 5, p. 777–785, 2005a.

CUBUKCU, E.; NASAR, J. L. Relation of Physical Form to Spatial Knowledge in Largescale Virtual Environments. Environment and Behavior, v. 37, n. 3, p. 397–417, 2005b. Available in: <10.1177/0013916504269748>.

DUARTE, E.; REBELO, F.; TELES, J.; WOGALTER, M. S. Behavioral compliance for dynamic versus static signs in an immersive virtual environment. Applied Ergonomics, v. 45, n. 5, p. 1367–1375, 2013. Available in: <10.1016/j.apergo.2013.10.004>.

DUARTE, E.; REBELO, F.; TELES, J.; WOGALTER, M. S. Safety sign comprehension by students, adult workers and disabled persons with cerebral palsy. Safety Science, v. 61, p. 66–77, 2014. Available in: <10.1016/j.ssci.2013.10.010>.

DUARTE, E.; REBELO, F.; WOGALTER, M. S. Virtual Reality and its potential for evaluating warning compliance. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries, v. 20, n. 6, p. 526–537, 2010. Available in: <10.1002/hfm.20242>.

DUARTE, M. E. C. Using Virtual Reality to Assess Behavioral Compliance with Warnings. 2011. Tese (Doutorado em Ergonomia) - Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal, 2011.

EDWORTHY, J.; HELLIER, E. Auditory warnings. In: KARWOWSKI, W. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Ergonomics. New York: Taylor & Francis, 2000. p. 625–627.

EDWORTHY, J.; HELLIER, E. Urgency in Speech Warnings. In: 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON NOISE AS A PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM, 8, 2003, Rotterdam. Anais… Rotterdam: Holanda, 2003.

FERRER-GARCÍA, M.; GUTIÉRREZ-MALDONADO, J. The use of virtual reality in the study, assessment, and treatment of body image in eating disorders and nonclinical samples: a review of the literature. Body Image, v. 9, n. 1, p. 1–11, 2012. Available in: <10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.10.001>.

FERRER-GARCIA, M.; GUTIÉRREZ-MALDONADO, J.; RIVA, G. Virtual Reality Based Treatments in Eating Disorders and Obesity: A Review. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, p. 1–33, 2013. Available in: <10.1007/s10879-013-9240-1>.

FUCHS, P.; MOREAU, G.; GUITTON, P. Virtual Reality: Concepts and Technologies. (1rd ed.). Boca: CRC Press, 2011.

GLOVER, B. L.; WOGALTER, M. S. Using a computer simulated world to study behavioral compliance with warnings: Effects of salience and gender. In: PROCEEDINGS OF THE HUMAN FACTORS AND ERGONOMICS SOCIETY 41ST ANNUAL MEETING, pp. 1283–1287, 1997.

GUTIERREZ, M.; VEXO, F.; THALMANN, D.; GUTIÉRREZ, M. A. A.; VEXO, F.; THALMANN, D. Stepping into Virtual Reality. Santa Clara, CA: Springer-Verlag Telos, 2008. Available in: <10.1007/978-1-8400-117-6>.

HAAS, E. C.; EDWORTHY, J. An introduction to auditory warnings and alarms. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum and Associates, 2006.

HAAS, E. C.; ERP, J. B. F. Multimodal warnings to enhance risk communication and safety. Safety Science, v. 61, p. 29–35, 2014. Available in: <10.1016/j.ssci.2013.07.011>.

HELLIER, E. J.; EDWORTHY, J.; WEEDON, B.; WALTERS, K.; ADAMS, A. The perceived urgency of speech warnings: Semantics versus acoustics. Human Factors, n. 44, v. 1, p. 1–17, 2002.

IBÁÑEZ, J.; DELGADO-MATA, C. Lessons from research on interaction with virtual environments. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, v. 34, n. 1, p. 268–281, 2011. Available in: <10.1016/j.jnca.2010.07.005>.

JANG, P. S. Designing acoustic and non-acoustic parameters of synthesized speech warnings to control perceived urgency. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, v. 37, p. 213–223, 2007. Available in: <10.1016/j.ergon.2006.10.018>.

KERCKHOVE, D. de. Connected Intelligence: The Arrival of the Web Society (1st ed.). Somerville House Books, 1997.

LAUGHERY, K. R.; SMITH, D. P. (2006). Explicit Information. In: WOGALTER, M. S. (Ed.). Handbook of Warnings. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc, 2006. p. 41–428.

LAUGHERY, K. R.; WOGALTER, M. S. Warnings and risk perception. In: SALVENDY, G. (Ed.). Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics (2nd ed.). London: Wiley, 1997. p. 1174–1197.

LAUGHERY, K. R.; WOGALTER, M. S. A three-stage model summarizes product warning and environmental sign research. Safety Science, v. 61, p. 3–10, 2014. Available in: <10.1016/j.ssci.2011.02.012>.

LUDBROOK, J. Should we use one-sided or two-sided P values in tests of significance? Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology, v. 40, n. 6, p. 357–361, 2013. Available in: <10.1111/1440-1681.12086>.

MACHADO, S.; DUARTE, E.; TELES, J.; REIS, L.; REBELO, F. Selection of a voice for a speech signal for personalized warnings: the effect of speaker’s gender and voice pitch. Work: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment and Rehabilitation, v. 41, p. 3592–3598, 2012. Available in: <10.3233/WOR-2012-0670-3592>.

MARÔCO, J. Análise Estatística com o SPSS Statistics. (5th ed.). Pero Pinheiro: Report Number, 2011.

MAYHORN, C. B.; WOGALTER, M. S.; LAUGHERY, K. R. Special issue on warnings: Advances in delivery, application, and methods. Applied Ergonomics, v. 45, n. 5, p. 1267–1269, 2014. Available in: <10.1016/j.apergo.2014.02.012>.

MILLER, L. The Practitioner`s Guide to User Experience Design (1st ed.). London, UK: Platkus, 2015.

PACKER, R.; JORDAN, K. Multimedia: From Wagner to Virtual Reality. New York, USA: Norton & Company, 2001.

REBELO, F.; DUARTE, E.; NORIEGA, P.; SOARES, M. M. Virtual Reality in Consumer Product Design: Methods and Applications. In: STANTON N. A. (Ed.). Virtual Reality in Consumer Product Design. CRC Press, p. 381–402, 2011.

REBELO, F.; DUARTE, M. E. C. A Realidade Virtual no design e avaliação das informações de segurança. In: PROCEEDINGS DO CONGRESSO DA ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE ERGONOMIA, 2008, Porto Seguro. Anais... Porto Seguro, 2008. p. 1–6.

REIS, L.; DUARTE, E.; REBELO, F. Main Usability Issues in Using Virtual Environments for Older Population Warning Studies. Berkeley, California, USA: Springer, 2013.

SLATER, M.; USOH, M.; STEED, A. Depth of presence in virtual environments. Presence, v. 3, n. 2, p. 130-144, 1994.

SMITH-JACKSON, T. L.; WOGALTER, M. S. Potential uses of technology to communicate risk in manufacturing. Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries, v. 14, p. 1–14, 2004.

TAUNAY, H.; NASCIMENTO, L.; NETO, V.; RAPOSO, A. Interaction techniques for laymen in immersive virtual reality. In: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH BRAZILIAN SYMPOSIUM ON HUMAN FACTORS IN COMPUTING SYSTEMS (IHC), 2014, Foz do Iguaçu. Anais… Foz do Iguaçu, PR, p. 389-392, 2014.

TORI, R.; CLAUDIO, K.; SISCOUTTO, R. Fundamentos e Tecnologia de Realidade Virtual e Aumentada. Porto Alegre: SBC, 2006.

VÄSTFJÄLL, D.; LARSSON, P.; KLEINER, M. Emotion and auditory virtual environments: Affect-based judgments of music reproduced with virtual reverberation times. CyberPsychology & Behavior, v. 5, n. 1, p. 19-32, 2002. Available in: <10.1089/109493102753685854>.

VILAR, E. B. P. Using virtual Reality to Study the Influence of Environmental Variables to Enhance Wayfinding Within Complex Buildings, 2012. Tese (Doutorado em Ergonomia) - Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Linda-a-Velha, Portugal, 2012.

WITMER, B. G.; SINGER, M. J. Measuring Presence in Virtual Environments: A Presence Questionnaire. Technology, v. 7, n. 3, p. 225–240, 1998.

WOGALTER, M.; MAYORN, B. The future of risk communication: Technology-based warning systems. In: WOGALTER, M. S. (Ed.). Handbook of Warnings. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc, 2006. p. 783–793.

WOGALTER, M. S.; CONZOLA, V. C.; SMITH-JACKSON, T. L. Research-based guidelines for warning design and evaluation. Applied Ergonomics, v. 33, n. 3, p. 219–30, 2002. Available in: <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12164506>.

WOGALTER, M. S.; MAYHORN, C. B. Providing cognitive support with technology-based warning systems. Ergonomics, v. 48, n. 5, p. 522–533, 2005. Available in: <510.1080/00140130400029258>.

Downloads

Publicado

2021-06-10

Como Citar

Schiavini, R., & Meurer, H. (2021). USING VIRTUAL REALITY TO THE SAFETY WARNINGS DESIGN: THE EFFICIENCY THROUGH PRESENCE. Revista Conhecimento Online, 2, 21–45. https://doi.org/10.25112/rco.v2i0.2535