OS EFEITOS DA SUPLEMENTAÇÃO COM VITAMINA C
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25112/rco.v1i0.1187Keywords:
Antioxidante. Pró-oxidante. Ácido ascórbico. Estresse oxidativo.Abstract
A vitamina C ou ácido ascórbico (AA) é um elemento essencial para o ser humano e, por não ser metabolizado pelo corpo, necessitamos da sua ingestão pela dieta e/ou suplementação. As funções do AA no corpo são inúmeras, tais como: cofator para enzimas, biossíntese de hormônios e ação antioxidante, entretanto, estudos relatam que o consumo de AA em doses elevadas pode oferecer riscos à saúde. Deste modo buscou-se analisar os efeitos descritos da suplementação de AA. Realizamos uma revisão bibliográfica, dividida em duas perspectivas: uma histórica, com publicações de 1753-2012; e outra contemporânea, com estudos realizados entre 1990-2017. A pesquisa foi realizada no Science Direct, Scielo, PubMed, Scopus, Portal de Periódicos da Capes e em livros, utilizando as palavras-chave: vitamina C, ácido ascórbico, estresse oxidativo, antioxidante e pró-oxidante. A suplementação com AA é controversa, sendo descrito tanto o seu efeito antioxidante, como o pró-oxidante. A sua efetividade na prevenção e no tratamento do resfriado, diabete e câncer é questionável. Determinados grupos de pessoas mostram-se mais suscetíveis à toxicidade e aos danos do AA, podendo apresentar incidência de cálculos renais e interferência na função plaquetária. Concluímos que a suplementação em doses excessivas de AA pode ocasionar uma transição de um estado saudável para o patológico, desencadeando uma atividade pró-oxidante. Além disso, a dose ótima a ser ingerida e o limiar entre a dose benéfica e a prejudicial, é discutível. Desse modo, a suplementação de vitamina C deve ser realizada com cautela, com prescrição e acompanhamento de profissionais da saúde.
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